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七年级英语下册1-6单元知识点复习(9)

【来源:易教网 更新时间:2026-04-22
七年级英语下册1-6单元知识点复习(9)

1.名词

①表示人或事物的名称,如boy, clock, book, tree。

总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如:Jim, China

专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, New York

②名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如:an apple, two apples, a car, some cars

不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词a/an修饰,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice

③单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表:

注:

①少数名词的复数是不规则的,如:man——men woman——women child——children

②表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加s,如:an American——three Americans

③有的单、复数形式相同,如:a Chinese——four Chinese a sheep——three sheep a deer——five deer

2.冠词

冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。

①不定冠词常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式:a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。

②定冠词the常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念,the在元音音素前读,在辅音音素前读,如:the moon, the evening。

eg. ①-Do you have an English book?

-Yes, but the English book is broken.

② There is a chicken in the picture.

③ We can't see the sun at night.

④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday.

⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China.

3.形容词

用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

如:It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park.

This book is good.

It's very nice of you to help us.

常见形容词的同义词与近义词:

large——big大的

glad——happy/pleased高兴的

clever——bright聪明的

ill——sick病的

fine——well好的

常见形容词的反义词和对应词:

bad(坏的)——good(好的)

big(大的)——small(小的)

busy(忙的)—— free(空闲的)

dry(干的)——wet(湿的)

same(相同的)——different(不同的)

empty(空的)——full(满的)

cold(寒冷的)——hot(热的)

open(开着的)——closed(关闭的)

poor(穷的)——rich(富的)

4.副词

用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中作状语或表语。

eg. Now he is back in New York again.

现在他又回到了纽约。

Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully.

副词一般分为七大类:

①时间副词:now, often, then, early, ago, before

②地点副词:here, there, out, above, up, down

③方式副词:hard, well, badly, fast, slowly

④程度副词:very, much, still, almost, too, so

⑤疑问副词:how, when, why, where

⑥关系副词:when, where, why

⑦连接副词:now, where, why

often等表示“频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中间,又称“中置副词”。这类副词有always(总是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。

“中置”规律:

①放在单个的be动词之后;

②放在单个实义动词之前;

③谓语动词为多个词时,放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

如:You are always late for school.你总是上学迟到。

I usually go to school by bike.

I never see that book.

He often helps other students.

He goes to work on foot sometimes.

5.比较等级

在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词有原级、比较级和级三种形式。

规则形容词和副词的比较级和级加-er或-est。

(1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下:

——better——best

——wors ——worst

(许多)many/much——more——most

(几乎没有)little——less——least

(远的)far——farther——farthest

(老的,旧的)old

(2)三种句型

①原级句型:

as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和…一样”;否定句式:not as/so +形容词/副词+as,表示“和…不一样”。

eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann.

If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can.

I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one.

②比较级句型:

a.主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较…一些”。

eg. This city is more beautiful than that one.

It is hotter today than yesterday.

He is a much nicer worker.

b.比较级+and+比较级,more and more+原级,表示“越来越…”,说明本身程度的.改变。

eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster.

世界人口增长得越来越快。

more and more beautiful

越来越漂亮

c. the+比较级, the+比较级,表示“越…就越…”,说明随着前边条件的变化,后边的结果也发生变化。

eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be.她吃得越多就会越胖。

The more, the better.越多越好。

③级句型:

主语+谓语+(the)形容词或副词的级+in/of

注:级前一般要用the,如:He is the most careful student.

但在副词级前the可以省去,如:He writes(the)most carefully in his class.

This kind of cake is the most delicious.

I like English best.

Mike is the youngest in his class.

He runs fastest.